Analysis Of Daisy Miller By Henry James English Literature Essay Essay Example

Analysis Of Daisy Miller By Henry James English Literature Essay Paper In the narrative Daisy Miller, written by Henry James, James tells a narrative about a immature American lady named Daisy Miller and her household members who are holidaying in Europe. Daisy is holidaying in a new universe and is seeking to happen a manner to larn and accommodate to her new milieus. She is seeking to suit in with the high category society but due to her life styles differences she is non accepted in their universe. Based on the narrative one would presume that the cause of Daisy s decease is eventful ; nevertheless, there are several given points that suggest it was strictly by happenstance and could hold happen to anyone. Henry James proves this by the usage of characters, puting, and symbolism. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis Of Daisy Miller By Henry James English Literature Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis Of Daisy Miller By Henry James English Literature Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis Of Daisy Miller By Henry James English Literature Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The other chief character focused is Winterbourne is a 27-year old expatriate American unmarried man ( Collins 1 ) . Winterbourne was raised and received most of his instruction in Geneva, he is considered to be reasonably quiet but extremely educated, he understands the European life styles but keeps his ain sentiment. Winterbourne has lost the capacity for love and he has lost the chance to come to life. ( Ohmann 3 ) . Daisy is turned off by him because she views him as a individual that does nt bask life. She feels like he would instead analyze and be serious so really populate his life. Winterbourne has an instant attractive force to her artlessness and beauty. However, Daisy sees him as being stiff and exanimate ( Wardley 4 ) . The chemical science between Winterbourne and Daisy is evident but because of her coquettish attitude he feels like it s merely a game to her. Although he is an American, he has the European attitude and shows his ego to Daisy. This shows the two un iverses that collided ; Daisy the American and Winterbourne the European. The scene for the narrative takes topographic point in Europe. The state is known for its well educated citizens, gustatory sensation for all right art and regard for societal societies. Daisy wants to see in Europe ( Deakin 5 ) . She is amazed at the life styles of the high category society and is taken off by the historical edifices and the people. It makes her experience like she is of import because she is able to see such a one time in a lifetime chance. The civilization is crude and refined in a developed gustatory sensation ( Scheiber 3 ) . The ambiance in Europe is cool and composure. Merely the fanciest and most expensive are for the European society. Many of the people in Europe have parties where people are to dress up in some of their finest apparels and come to garner. At these parties, many merely stand around speaking among each other while they listen to music and have a few drinks. Many of the people who attend this parties are considered to be high category or r ich folks. Daisy attends many of this parties but is frequently ill-mannered because she either leaves early to roll the streets with other gentleman or she spends all her clip speaking to people who are non considered to be reasonably of import. There are many symbols that describe the guiltless nature of Daisy. One symbol is when Daisy and Winterbourne foremost meet in the Hotel garden. As they are speaking, the Sun is beaming down on her caput. The sunlight beaming on her symbolizes Daisy as a pure guiltless immature adult female. When Daisy and Winterbourne meet, as she is standing entirely have oning a graphic white frock. Her frock and hat typify how pure Daisy truly is. She does nt recognize her failure to deliver him, Her expulsion from Eden ( Childress 2 ) . This foreshadows a loss of pureness and artlessness. The manner people view her is impure and guiltless because she has intimate gentleman friends. Although all she is making is speaking to them, still many of the Europeans view her as moving in a disgraceful manner. This led the Europeans to believe that caused her decease was eventful because she was out in the streets with so many work forces. They presumed that Daisy was wholly responsible for her ain decea se because she was moving so foolhardy. Europeans thought that if Daisy would hold acted with category and shown more regard for herself and others she would hold neer been out so tardily in the eventides. On the other manus, Daisy s decease was considered to others as being a coincident that could hold happen to anyone. There were several different unwellnesss distributing throughout Europe. There were no given facts that because Daisy was out so late that was the cause of her decease. After Daisy becomes badly, Winterbourne begins to recognize how pure she really is. He begins to experience sorry for the manner he and others viewed and judged her. The sad fact is that like many of the Europeans who judged Daisy, we all tend to look at others based on their actions and the manner we portray them.

African Creation Story from Uganda Essay Example

African Creation Story from Uganda Essay Example African Creation Story from Uganda Paper African Creation Story from Uganda Paper Kinks first man, and brings a cow, and drinks her milk to stay alive. He wanders around and sees two sisters; Iambi and her sister are the daughters of Mogul who is the god of the Sky. They eventually walk up to him and ask him what he is doing on the earth. He says he is a man, and has to eat. The girls think he is weird and go running back to their father. And Mogul asks questions about this man. Mogul decides he wants to tests mans capabilities to survive. He sends his sons to find Kinks, and the sons kidnap his cow. Kinks survives by sucking on the bark off tree. When they find that Kinks has not died Iambi takes Kinks with her to heaven so he can get his cow. But Mogul has 5 tests for him. His 2nd test is to eat all the food or he will die. Kinks discovers a tavern in the floor and he puts the food and beer in there. 3rd test Mogul gives Kinks a copper axe and tells him that he wants material for a fire. But he cannot get firewood he must cut up stones. When he finds a big rock he knows that it is too hard to cut, but the rock speaks to him and gives him magic Oust like how all tools give people power over their environment) the Kinks is given a bucket and has to fill it with dew. The bucket comes to his rescue, and is magically filled with dew. -Kinks is one of the first heroes 5th Kinks has to find his own cow out of 10,000. Then a magical hornet tells him that he will fly on the cow that is his. -After 1st herd, another herd of 20,000 comes. The hornet lands on 3 cows. Mogul Is Impressed because Kinks knows that his cow had two children. As a reward, Mogul gives Kinks his cows, banana plants, other things, and millet to feed the hen down the road. Before they leave Mogul tells is Kinks and his daughter to never come back. But they realize they forgot the chicken food. When Kinks goes back he runs Into Iambs brother (Wardrobe), who Is the god of death and disease and he wants to go to earth with them. Klutz agrees. Wardrobe demands that he have one of Klutzs children, but Kinks holds on. Eventually Wardrobe Is mad and starts to kill off all of Klutzs children. Klutz Is angry and runs back to his father-in-law. Mogul knew this would happen so he sends his son Klutz (which means digger) to bring Wardrobe back. The two brothers et Into a fight and Wardrobe hides Into a hole In the ground. Klutz Is able to dig the ground and catch him, but Wardrobe releases from his grasp and goes deeper. Klutz orders the world to be silent for 2 days so that Wardrobe will be curious and come out. But when he does come out, two girls scream at the sight of him and the spell Is broken. Wardrobe stays In the ground forever. African Creation Story from Uganda By yang The hornet lands on 3 cows. Mogul is impressed because Kinks knows that his cow chicken food. When Kinks goes back he runs into Iambs brother (Wardrobe), who is he god of death and disease and he wants to go to earth with them. Kinks agrees. Wardrobe demands that he have one of Skinks children, but Kinks holds on. Eventually Wardrobe is mad and starts to kill off all of Skinks children. Kinks is angry his son Suzuki (which means digger) to bring Wardrobe back. get into a fight and Wardrobe hides into a hole in the ground. Suzuki is able to dig the ground and catch him, but Wardrobe releases from his grasp and goes deeper. Suzuki orders the world to be silent for 2 days so that Wardrobe will be curious and spell is broken. Wardrobe stays in the ground forever.

Government policy - case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Government policy - case study - Essay Example In the case of country A, the government's goal is clear. They want to liberalize the agricultural markets while simultaneously choking off available credit for local farmers so as to bring greater productivity to their agriculture sector. They believe this is central to developing a modern economy. Moreover, they believe that if they bring rural workers/farmers into the cities and get them working in modern industrial positions greater amounts of investment funds would follow the low cost of industrial labor. The government also welcomes free trade with their neighbors, and even welcomes the competition from neighboring agriculture producers because of the attractive macro-economic predictions normally associated with free trade. However, the policy and those macro predictions fail on a micro level, due to insensitivity to the way the local families live. Clearly delineated, sexual roles, where men earn the money and women feed their families form the groundwork of the rural family, and have turned corn production in country A into a question of sexual and familiar identity.

E-Mail Upgrade Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

E-Mail Upgrade Project - Essay Example The work requirements of the users have increased over the years, and they need to have more features and higher reliability in their new e-mail software. The upgraded software should have better features than the current e-mail program, and should be able to meet the increased value-added job requirements of the users. The new software should have higher reliability and security to ensure better repeatability and data integrity in the users' work area. The primary objective new e-mail software is to meet the requirements of the existing users and satisfy them. The next most important success criterion of the project is flawless technical integration of the new program with the current e-mail software. The existing data and processes should be successfully migrated to the new upgraded software without any technical glitch; the new upgraded software should blend seamlessly into the existing one without any loss in data and user complaint. There should not be any IPR or patent right violation. This is important because the vendors of the upgraded software and earlier software could be different. ...The existing data and processes should be successfully migrated to the new upgraded software without any technical glitch; the new upgraded software should blend seamlessly into the existing one without any loss in data and user complaint. The new installed software should clear the Quantified User Acceptance Test. 2.3 Intellectual Property Rights (IPR): There should not be any IPR or patent right violation. This is important because the vendors of the upgraded software and earlier software could be different. The new vendor should indemnify the ODHS from any litigation pertaining to such violation. Apart from indemnification, such IPR disputes could lead to delay in project execution; it is therefore, in the interests of ODHS that disputes of this nature should not arise.        

Studying Hospitality and Events in Higher eduaction Essay

Studying Hospitality and Events in Higher eduaction - Essay Example The paper tells that the best candidate for lodging and accommodation for the conference is the Days Hotel Luton. It is more expensive than the other options but well worth the additional cost. The Days Hotel Luton is centrically located upon the Channel Viaduct. The Days Hotel Luton also provides access to those who are physically challenged. The Days Hotel Luton has a five star rating out of six which is the highest rating of all of the options in this group. The second choice is the Best Western Menzies Strathmore. The rates start from 49 pounds and 50 pence. The location is centric to all forms of transit. The Best Western Menzies Strathmore has 152 rooms which would probably make it the most likely candidate for the convention. The Chiltern Hotel would be the next most likely candidate as it is located right outside the airport. The room rate is at 49 pounds and 50 pence per night. There is also an ample parking facility. The space within this parking facility may be rented and a portable structure may be erected on the site. This portable structure implies a greater risk but it also would allow for a greater allocation of resources towards security, safety, health, food, beverage and post dinner entertainment. A tent structure may be used for the conference, this innovation would allow for lower expenses. The reallocation of resources could be applied toward other conference concerns (Chiltern Hotel). The fourth option would be recommended as the Quality Hotel on Dunstable rd. The Quality Hotel has easy access from the M1 motorway Junction 11 from the south. It is located on the A505. The rate of Quality Hotel’s accommodations is fairly reasonable starting at 32 pounds 50 pence per night. This hotel is a three star facility. With all of these options it may be possible that a discount may be applied to the academic community of the University of Bedfordshire. One of the objectives of this essay is to demonstrate the ability to optimize the resource s allocated to this conference by minimizing the number of man hours allocated to human resources in this conference which is proposed on 9 May 2012 (Burke and Soubeiga 2003). It is also the objective of this essay to demonstrate the importance of emotional intelligence by assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the proposed options for the conference: ‘Studying Hospitality and Events in Higher Education’

Vernacular Architecture In Norway

Vernacular Architecture In Norway All forms of vernacular architecture are built to meet specific needs, accommodating the values, economies and ways of living of the cultures the produce them. It may be adapted or developed over time as needs and circumstances change. Paul Oliver (Dwellings) Vernacular architecture relates to available resources and their environmental context, and they are usually owner- or community- built, using traditional technologies. (Dwellings) There is not a number of how many dwellings there is in the world today, but between 90 and 98% of these buildings are vernacular. Traditional buildings in most parts of the world often reflect the knowledge of a climate, an activity typical of its culture, and a building material, and this is evident in Norways architecture. Norwegian wood (16) The know-how and sensibility, the skills and the capability to build successfully in response to the climate, the land, and the resources to hand, have been passed on between generations. (Dwellings) It progressed to meet the requirements of a distinct way of life, and lies integrated into a distinct terrain. Norwegian Wood (15) In contrast to the Mediterranean countries stone culture, Norway belongs to a Nordic wood culture. Reima Pietila, a Finnish architect, ass erted that the vision of Nordic man was a cave of wood. The need for a cave was for protection against a tough climate. It had to be made of the warm material wood to offer comfort during the long winters, and colourful to make people remember the flowers and the green trees of the summer. Norwegian Wood (7-8) Norway had no urban traditions until the nineteenth century. But from the Middle Ages until the Industrial Revolution it had a strong rural class. Norwegian architecture and art were therefore influenced mainly by local sources. Then because of its rural traditions, Norways highest accomplishments in both building and art were executed in the same medium: wood. Norwegian Wood (15) Norways traditional architecture had a remarkably long history, which began earlier then the Middle Ages. The buildings that developed in Norway are inspirational because they show an intimate marriage between refined techniques and native materials, placed within a distinct landscape. Stave churches in Norway (23) In the wooden acres area of the northern world, the tree provided the Nordic man his building. Norway was a massive forest belt. The upper Europes landscape was covered with woodland, and a strong wood-building culture grew from the fifth century. Norwegian Wood (15) Vernacular architecture in Norway (Log construction) The Norwegians built well-crafted wooden structures for 800 years, and they developed buildings that were suitable for their activities. The use of similar structures for such a long time was dictated by Norways agriculture way of life and the environment. Norways traditional architecture is represented by two groups of wooden buildings: farms and stave churches. Norwegian wood (16) There was two technical methods used by the Norwegian builders; the log and stave construction. In the stue (dwelling house) the horizontal logs created a cave of wood; in the stave church the vertical staves made the association to heaven obvious. Norwegian Architecture (50) The farms were skilfully built to suit their specific needs. The pride of each farm was the loft, a two-story building that was used as storage on all traditional Norwegian farms. The best woodworking skills were applied on this structure during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, which therefore signified the highest achieveme nt of Norwegian wood-building techniques. The lofts companion was the stue, the traditional dwelling, which reflected the lofts character in its advanced log construction. Norwegian wood (17) Norways restricted economy up until the seventeenth century made it harder to import building materials other than wood. Wood was plentiful, although the labour required preparing it, transporting it, and shaping it was not. Tough conditions forced the culture to collect a lot of knowledge about their native material. This collection of cultural wealth inspired the creative powers of the craftsmen for several generations. Norwegian wood (18) Tradition is the heart of any vernacular. The Norwegian tradition is the great degree of craftsmanship. The Norwegians inherited an understanding about form and proportion from the natural properties of wood. The craftsmen of the Viking ships (ca.900 AD), the stave churches (ca.1200 AD), and the farms (ca.1700 AD) used the same resources, lived on the same land, and constructed the same sorts of structures for centuries. Not unexpectedly, a thoughtful handling of the wood is evident in Norways structures. Norwegian wood (19) The rural traditions in Norway continued to be strong well into the nineteenth century, and the farmers continued to stay close to nature. The topology also resulted in comprehensive climatic conditions, which had significant consequences for its building patterns. That Norway is located in north Europe leads to short summer and long winter seasons. The winter could last up to nine months some places; this meant that there were no second chances if one did not pay attention to the elements. Norwegian Architecture (28) I was nearly a life-and-death battle between man and nature in some parts of Norway. In a numerous of places, life was an endless battle against cold, starvation, and disease, a element that steered builders to select their site wisely. Norwegian wood (30) Norwegian craftsmen had a precise awareness of the performance and weathering of the wood. The two building techniques; stave and log construction, have been modified for several building types from culture to culture for a long period of time. In stave construction the builders used vertical planks to make the walls. It was originally fixed to the ground with no supporting frame. They were later raised and positioned on foundation beams. The logs that were notched at the corners were used for log construction, and were horizontally stacked on top of each another. Less wood were necessary on stave buildings than on log buildings, but their walls were thinner and retrained less heat. Log walls were the main construction of the dwelling, the stue, and the storage building, the loft, was constructed with a combination of both stave and log work. The craftsmen chose stave construction to build churches that would rise beyond the tall pine trees and also connect the structure to a rough ground. Norwegian wood (62) Log construction is a quite simple building technique: one log stacked horizontally on top of another offers a robust wall and a solid connection at the corners. The integration of the log technique allowed for tighter and more compact structures. Norwegian Architecture (50) The common use of the log technique, or laft technique as it is known in Norwegian, began in the period after the Viking era. The earliest surviving farm buildings date from this time. A new era of building began after the Black Death, around 1535. During this time, the Reformation in Norway created contact with other European countries; this led to an increase in the Norwegian economy. The wider international communication and trade led to a highpoint of folk and building arts that culminated in the 1700s when log construction reached its highest expression in Norway. Norwegian wood (67) Denmark ceded Norway to Sweden in 1814, and that was the beginning of Norways modern history. When the industrial revolution began in the 184 0s with the paper and textile industries, farming was already a business, and the agricultural techniques were modernized. But the expanding economy could not keep up with the rapid growth in the population. In the late half of the century, many emigrants, mainly from agricultural communities, left for America. The way of life had then changed, one could not farm on a family scale anymore, and traditional building techniques had been replaced by mass-production processes. Norwegian wood (68) Stave Churches Norway has always been a lightly populated country, and there were few public structures during the medieval times. The rare exception was the stave church. The stave churches were built between 1030 and 1350. They usually stood unaccompanied against a group of farms and represented the sacred aspect of medieval life. The stave churches of Norway are some of the finest wooden buildings in Europe and are, at the same time, some of the oldest. They express some of the most advanced farming methods preserved in wooden architecture, and it is not shocking that this amount of complexity is apparent in a religious building. The stave churches confirm the extraordinary technology achieved by wooden construction techniques during the Middle Ages. It is surprising that these structures have lasted for so long, even more surprising when one realizes that most medieval structures left today were constructed in stone. Norwegian wood (17) Norway had no church-building traditions to draw upon when Christianity was introduced in the eleventh century. They had to trust their instinctive and extensive knowledge of the landscape to find a suitable site for these buildings. Norwegian architecture (27) The stave churches represent the transition that the Norwegian people had in the eleventh-century, they went from pagan and animism worship to Christianity. Norwegian wood (103) The Old Norse building techniques were customized the Christian usage in the stave churches. It received many Romanesque features; the basilica shape is similar with the old Romanesque basilica. The circular arcs wad used in most of the stave churches from the Middle Ages, mainly for construction and dà ©cor. The dà ©cor could be found on gables, portals and in the interior. The dà ©cor were mostly animal ornamentation, interspersed with Christian motifs. Norske stavkirker (19) The appearance of the stave church is unlike anything else. They have a very simple basic constructional system, but its extrapolation has created complex and extravagant architecture. Some of the churches contain of more than 2000 individual elements, without counting the roof shingles. The church rests on horizontal beams of wood that rests on a stone foundation. The vertical poles, the staves, wraps around the central square. The staves are joined to each other by clamping beams, usually with additional St Andrews crosses and knee braces to make the frame more solid. The pitched roof of the central part of the church is then supported by this frame. Norske stavkirker (13) Stave churches were often built in the best stored pine. The builders used different techniques to make the wood more solid. One of these techniques were to not cut down the tree, but to only cut the top of the tree off, all the branches and remove the bark, and then let it stand there for sevral years. The tree then tried to survive, but became more and more covered in resin. The more resin it came on the wood, the more solid it became. Stil og interià ¸r (70) The Nordic sky is low and mostly grey, compared to the high, burning sun of the Mediterranean countries. This means that in Norway the sun casts long shadows. The interior in the stave churches was dark and mysterious, and the light was dimmed, this expressed the environmental quality of Norway. The staves rise like the pine trees of the woodland toward the dark ceiling, and the people coming from the closed horizontal stue are transported into a superior world. Stave Churches in Norway (13) The wood also helps to create the quietly mysterious atmosphere, together with the structural pattern rising towards the sky, which contrasts the hard undecorated effect of the material and technique of stone architecture so radically. Stave churches in Norway (20) After the Reformation many churches became too small for their congregation and had to be enlarged. The liberal pastors also though the churches were to dark, and there for had windows built in. They also often lowered the ceilings in order to preserve more heat in the winter. Stave churches in Norway (26) The Black Death swept through Norway in 1349, with catastrophic consequences. Between half and two-thirds of the population died. It was to take 300 years for the population to return to its original size. By the time new churches were built again, the knowledge of complex stave construction seems to have been lost. Architecture in Wood It was built more than 1000 stave churches in the thirteenth century, but today only 22 remain. Norwegian wood (52) Todays architecture The union with Sweden was dissolved in 1905 and Norway became an independent nation. Most countries in the turn of the nineteenth century experienced a romantic, nationalist movement, also Norway, this was caused by a longing for the greatness of its past. The building styles that emerged were an imitation of the stave churches, but the period also recognized the lost art of the laft construction. As a result, remarkable buildings built in the old log technique were moved from several farms and assembled into open-air museums. The need to describe building as an art quickly arose. As a result of the peoples national feeling, the open-air museums came to be regarded as folk museums. What was called folk art in other European building cultures was Norways main form of expression and was being produced even as late as 1900. Norwegian wood (68) The Norwegian folk museum in Oslo, known as Norsk Folkemuseum in Norwegian, is the largest museum of Norwegian cultural history. It has a collection of over 150 buildings from all around the country, and it represents how people lived in Norway from 1500 to present time. These buildings represent different regions, different time periods, and also the differences between town and country, and social classes. The stave church located in the open-air museum is Gol Stave Church, dating from 1200, this is one of five medieval buildings at the museum. (http://www.norskfolkemuseum.no/en/target-groups/About-the-Museum/) In earlier times beauty was an expression of the people; today it is the expression of each persons personality. However, one instinctively feels that beauty is not either old or new, it is timeless. Medieval buildings have the quality of beauty that one can rarely see in contemporary architecture. My readings have led me to determine that the idea of beauty exists, and was always used prior to modern times. The concept of beauty seems to have been lost in todays building culture, because of the loss of good craftsmanship. The characteristics of Norways traditional buildings were the remarkable ornamental qualities. This shows the importance of the craftsmanship process when construction was still considered an art and a craft. The marriage between fine materials and good craftsmanship seems to have been forgotten by todays builders and architects. This marriage offers the greatest inspiration for the building art. The past contrasts the present-day in many ways, and its constructors naturally had fewer choice of materials. But the lessons and knowledge given by a vernacular building culture are still valid. Norwegian Wood (9) One of the most important qualities for an architect is the response to the physical surroundings. It requires an understanding of the land to solve the problem of how to dwell in a particular area. The end result, generally for most traditional architecture, can be a quality linked to a specific site, or to a particular landscape. The mountains that generate wind or rain, the seasons that bring snow, the way that sun shines, or does not shine, are all important in determining a settlement social events are not the only thing that create its character. How a builder responds to these issues reflects his ability to build within a certain landscape. Norwegian wood (27) The vernacular buildings reflect the skill of building when tradition, and not new inventions, inspired builders: the beauty of this was that the tradition uncovered existential meaning. This is missing in todays building culture, together with the drive of the craftsmen and the joy of constructing. Vernacular buildings have a breathing uniqueness, independent of its con structor, and because the builders highlighted this unique individuality in all its elements, a wonderful building appears. The Norwegian architect, Gunnar Granberg, said, the craftsmens knowledge was a given: rather than thinking about it, they simply built the buildings. Norwegian Wood (9) Learn from vernacular architecture Older buildings have many features that we can learn from and leverage further, both in modern construction and the maintenance of older buildings. Older buildings are often built with materials that are locally produced and lightly processed. The production of these materials has required little energy and caused little environmental impact. This is an argument both to preserve older buildings and to use their knowledge for new construction. One should take advantage of the material properties, which means the right capacity and quality at the right place and function. This means that this part of the building will be more effective for a longer period of time, and one is then resource efficient when using the best qualities where it is most needed. Good craftsmanship is all about good material knowledge, good practices, knowledge of what is going to last, and how to perform the work. Each part of the buildings life span has great importance when thinking about resources. Old buildi ngs are often constructed of materials and building components that are built to last, without losing function or become aesthetically undesirable. How long a building can be used depends on the original quality, and whether it can be maintained in an appropriate manner. Traditional materials and building components are often very easy to maintain because the materials are lightly processed, and because the components are easy to get to and remove from the building. (Book) Many modern materials are presented as maintenance-free, but in reality they do not last and must be replaced more often. Many modern building elements consist of different materials which cannot be taken apart, which means that it is the material which has the shortest life span that determines the building component longevity. This is a poor use of resources. In older buildings not all rooms are heated to the same temperature. The hallways could often be colder than the living rooms, and some rooms were closed off in the winter. It was also common to furnish the center of the room or up against the fireplace, so that the breeze from the windows was not so infuriating. The indoor temperature was also kept lower. This was who they saved energy. Traditionally the natural ventilation made a good indoor climate. Wood heating and air channels create negative pressure, and fresh air is drawn in through leaks or vents in the winter. Venting through open windows in summer is also a simple and good solution. Natural ventilation provides ventilation without the need for energy input to operate the fans and heat exchanger, etc. When using a ventilation system the durability of the system corresponds to the durability of the building. The current building regulations make it almost impossible to build for natural ventilation. The tighter and better in sulated a building is, the more energy is required for ventilation and the more dependent one is that the advanced technical equipment works, maintained and used properly. Development of natural ventilation will give us knowledge and solutions that contribute to energy efficiency also in modern construction. (book) Modern construction relies on as tightly insulated as possible and represents with other words, a completely different building physical principle the traditional buildings. It is therefore important not to think modern when working with old buildings as it can cause major structural damage over time. A very thick insulation layer requires efficient sealing of the house. This is challenging both during construction and later in their life cycle. Leaks may lead to rot and mold problems. A well-insulated house is totally dependent on a properly functioning ventilation system at any time. The physical principles in traditional buildings can provide useful knowledge in the de velopment of new construction that looks more into these challenges. Traditional buildings are often characterized by the fact that there were few resources when they were built. Everything had to be done by hand, transportation was cumbersome, and the processing was often done on site and was limited. We then developed a tradition of building energy and resource efficient based on passive measures. This stands in contrast to the current to todays trend towards ever more advanced technical solutions and energy-intensive processes. (http://www.riksantikvaren.no/Norsk/Tema/Energisparing/Hva_kan_vi_lare_av_eldre_hus+/) Older houses are often less isolated and leakier than the requirements set in the current building regulations. They therefore require more energy in the production phase. The reason for the increasingly stringent energy requirements is the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It is often difficult to isolate older houses so that they meet the regulations without destroying the heritage values. The Directorate in Norway are working towards trying to compensate the use of renewable energy for the higher energy consumption in older houses. This will help achieve the goal of reducing CO2 emissions while preserving the cultural historical values. Wood as a building material causes little environmental impact compared to for example the production and use of concrete and steel. This relates to the entire life cycle (production, transport, maintenance, durability and disposal etc.). Using more wood in buildings as a replacement for less environmentally friendly materials will help to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions. (http://www.riksantikvaren.no/Norsk/Tema/Energisparing/Bruk_av_tre_i_et_miljoperspektiv/) It is essential that vernacular building traditions are supported; to assist local builders in matter of sanitation and disaster preparedness, while same time learning and benefiting from their experience, knowledge and skills. Paul Oliver Conclusion By investigating vernacular architecture we can recover much accumulated wisdom. The ever-growing number of vernacular studies that has kept on appearing since the nineteenth century, these has improved our knowledge and understanding of historic and modern vernacular traditions. (Built to meet needs) Housing the ever-growing global population is one of the biggest problems we are facing today, but this has not yet caught the same attention as issues of food, health, climate change or the reduction of biodiversity. This problem has to be recognized for the future well-being of the people to be ensured. The survival of the vernacular will help not only with housing, but also sustainable techniques. (Vernacular Architecture in the 21st Century) Architects and builders should look at vernacular knowledge and performance to respond to the over-growing demands for housing and natural disasters. Studying vernacular traditions will give us better adaptation knowledge. Many traditions from the vernacular have been an associated with poverty, underdevelopment and the past; this became apparent in the process of urbanization, globalization and modernization. It is not viewed as a work of architecture that is well-adjusted to its local surroundings, cultures and economies, but rather as a wo rk in progress. This has led to the replacement and abandonment of many unique and distinctive vernacular buildings. (Atlas of Vernacular Architecture) It is important to take care of the local traditions. And in Norway that means that we need to use more wood in modern buildings. The challenge with timber is that it takes a long time to warm them up, but when they are warm, they stay warm for a long time. If we unite the old log technique with the best of new heating technology it will be big changes. The question is not old or modern building technique, but more use of timber. The vernacular buildings still standing today should be preserved and learnt from. In the case of Norway, some measures can be made, if all the Norwegian boroughs that have houses from 1650 and earlier built houses in this tradition, the Norwegian heritage buildings could be saved, and young people would then also learn how to construct in a traditional and sustainable way. This would make a radical change considering the environment; when one kilogram timber can bind 1.7 kg CO2, and a house made in log technique with locally produced timber have a lifespan on 800-900 years. This is what I call sustainability! Take it easy and be completely focused on the task. Remember, in the end, no one asks how long it took. What is crucial is that what you have done is correct. Arne Berg (http://www.vl.no/kultur/var-byggekunst-er-doende/)

Use of Irony in A Tale of Two Cities :: Tale Two Cities Essays

Use of Irony in A Tale of Two Cities In A Tale of Two Cities, the author, Charles Dickens, uses a great deal of irony in the opening chapter to draw the reader into the story. By using a slew of contradictory statements in the opening paragraph, the author forces the reader to further investigate the meaning of the cryptic opening line: "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times..." As the reader continues, he finds that the story is a dramatization of the circumstances surrounding London and Paris during the time period of the French Revolution. The historical record of the conditions of life in France and England during the French Revolution were identical to the ways they are described in the story. Life for the nobles or higher class people was exquisite, while the lower class was crawling in poverty. People were constantly being nagged by thieves and petty criminals, causing the state of life in those two countries to be especially unbalanced. To begin the story, the author uses a long paragraph almost perfectly describing life in Europe during the late 1700s. However, the paragraph consists of nothing but seemingly absurd statements about the "spring of hope" and the "winter of despair." By writing phrases such as ."..it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness...," the author brings an ironic feeling to the whole story. Of course, the seasons of Light and Darkness could never coincide, but in France and England's situation during the time period of the story, that is exactly what life is like for the people living there. Through the use of self-contradiction in the first chapter, readers are able to understand the plight of the countries of France and England in a darkly humorous way.

Do Genes Determine Character Traits

â€Å"Character Traits Determined Genetically? Genes May Hold the Key to a Life of Success, Study Suggests. † I: Introduction Do genes distinguish our personality traits or is it simply environment, and upbringing that makes us who we are? Psychologists at the University of Edinburgh have discovered that genes may play a greater role in forming character traits than they were thought to before. Things such as self-control, decision-making or sociability could be more nature than nurture. II: BackgroundThe debate of Nature vs. Nurture has been a widely argued topic among psychologists for more than a century. Both opinions of the nature vs. nurture debate have been examined among researchers and a great amount of research has been found, just no clear conclusions of whether it is one or the other. We have always thought of genes distinguishing your physical features such as eye color, hair color, height, etc. , but can genes play more of a role in your personality than scientis ts thought? III: ExperimentIn this study, more than 800 sets of twins, mostly age 50 and over were tested by a method of asking a series of questions to see how they viewed themselves and others. The questions that were asked included questions like â€Å"Are you influenced by people with strong opinions? † and â€Å"Are you disappointed about your achievements in life? † The answers to these questions were then compared with the Ryff Psychological Well-Being Scale. This scale is a Self-perceived quality-of-life scale that is used as a psychological assessment instrument.It is based on a comprehensive theory of the Self-Perceived Quality of Life and provides a multi-faceted measurement of health-related and non-health-related aspects of well-being. The psychologists found that genetics were more influential in shaping key traits than a person's home environment and surroundings. They also found through this study that genes affected a person's sense of purpose, how wel l they get along with people and their ability to continue learning and developing through out their own lives.The research team for this study found that the identical twins who’s DNA was exactly the same were more likely to share traits compared with non-identical twins. These findings are significant because, the stronger the genetic link, the more common it is that these character traits are carried through a family. These results also can make a link of epigenetics and the influence epigenetics have on generations. IV: Reflection Nature vs. nurture and the study of genes has been the one topic that has most interested me throughout this class.I find genes and epigenetics fascinating; therefore I chose to do my paper on this particular topic. This article expresses many aspects of genes and DNA that we went over not only in lab but in lecture as well. Environment plays a key role in the way we personally grow and develop, but genes and epigenetics carry a large part as we ll. People don’t always realize that genes can cause personality. We have always been taught that genes distinguish things like hair and eye color, and I feel this article shows that genetics is important in all aspects of â€Å"creating† an individual.V: Sources University of Edinburgh (2012, May 16). Character traits determined genetically? Genes may hold the key to a life of success, study suggests. ScienceDaily. Retrieved November 12, 2012, from http://www. sciencedaily. com/releases/2012/05/120516115903. htm The Ryff Scales of Psychological Well-Being by Tricia A. Seifert, University of Iowa http://www. liberalarts. wabash. edu/ryff-scales/ Nature Nurture in Psychology by Saul McLeod published 2007 * http://www. simplypsychology. org/naturevsnurture. html

Genre Example

Genre Example Genre – Coursework Example The characteristic of this genre can be termed as a white paper since it is criticizing and arguing certain information and notions put across by various reports and documents. Audiences to white papers expect arguments about certain points in previous reports or articles. Organizations use white papers to mainly put forward ideas in an open-ended manner that is also arguing other reports and documents. Most genres of writings are bound by certain rules so that they can be categorized and resourceful to the people who will use them. Forms of genres are mostly fixed. This is because a variation of a certain form will form a different genre. From this article, I have learnt on how to approach several issues using the required technique when it comes to presenting them in writing.Formalism is a type of writing that critics literature without paying attention to any other facts. A formalist article only focuses on the said article, report or proposal without analyzing the sources, histor y or author of the literature. Formalism is, therefore, a very important form of criticism because it has an independent approach towards the literature in question. It steers clear of any other historical issues regarding the article, but focuses on the content, context and stylistic features of an article that integrate to piece up the whole literature.The examples given by Rude are quite understandable. The theoretical problems are debatable problems hence their reports contain pros and cons of the matter being discussed. Empirical problems are factual in nature, and are based on tests and observations made, thus, their reports give the observations and facts found. On the other hand, practical problems are those that require a choice to be made; hence, their reports give a course of action.Rude feels like rhetoric is important in decision making because it assists in breaking down the findings of a report. Rhetoric assists in ascertaining the facts and displaying the effects of the said facts in a report hence its importance. According to Frances (89), the use of rhetoric as a style can be perfect in the writing of decision-making reports.From this article, I have learnt that the kind of report I write will be subject to the nature of the problem at hand. This means that decision-making depends on the issue at hand. This means that without being too much formalistic, the kind of problem will determine the kind of report to write for the purposes of decision-making.Work CitedRanney, Frances . Aristotles Ethics and Legal Rhetoric: An Analysis of Language Beliefs, and the Law. Aldershot : Ashgate, 2005. Print.

multiculturalism in america essays

multiculturalism in america essays Multiculturalism In Corporate America: Who Benefits, And Why Should I Care? We've reached the age in which global structures have become the key components of any viable corporation. Large or small, corporate America is now recognizing the importance of reaching out to other nations. No longer an issue of whether or not one will choose to become international, if you're in business, it's almost a fact of life. The United States itself has blossomed into a nation of some 103 cultures from around the world. As a result, we've become international right here at home. To many people in America's corporations, the word "multicultural" has become synonymous with civil rights and affirmative action. Junior executives sent to multicultural and cultural diversity seminars frequently ask what multiculturalism has to do with them. And just as often, someone in the room will reply, "It's good business. It's the bottom line." But multiculturalism is more than good business and the bottom line. From the marketing standpoint, it's natural to assume you'll want to learn some of the customs and societal bugaboos if you're marketing in a foreign land. Yet if you're plunging into international waters, you'd better know more than how to sink or swim. Doing business with just the bare essentials of what you think will be acceptable in another culture can be a costly lesson to learn! In the American business world, we're inclined to rush, moving to a first name basis often by the second contact, and just as often, expecting to close hot deals in a matter of a week or two. But people in other parts of the world have developed their business relationships to a high degree. The most successful corporate leader might know a client's entire family from kids to the grandparents on both sides, and even know which of the kids has asthma before s/he closes that important sale. To those who are just now beginning to tread these waters, learning wh...

Creating a Culture of Engagement Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Creating a Culture of Engagement - Article Example Workplace culture is reflected on how workers dress, the time they report to work, how their lunch break is spent and how they solve internal and external issues. Workplace culture unifies employees as they are allowed to form their opinions about the culture of a workplace. Involving employees unifies the entire organization including the management. Workplace culture starts at the top with the company owner and upper management. The unity makes employees feel like they are involved, and they are part of a team, making them more concerned for the success of the entire business, not just their individual accomplishments. Workplace culture increases marketability. Workplace culture is a part of the brand build for your business, and it will make an impact on how individuals are being hired and what type is attracted to the company. People seeking jobs tend to look for companies that fit their kind of lifestyles, for instance, flexible hours, casual dress codes, other work opportunities or companies with extra amenities like gyms. Companies with well-defined cultures are well recognized as better places to work, making them be known among prospective employees (Reid & Hubbell, 2005). A good understanding of a workplace culture improves productivity Workers who understand their workplace culture have a better understanding of their goals and often fulfil the needs of their managers, fellow employees and customers. Theyre invested in their work and demonstrate loyalty. Employees who work for companies with healthy workplace cultures may be more productive in their work. Training the employees in the workplace enables them to gain the knowledge that is required for them to grow. This program will lead to the increase in team spirit between workers and supervisors leading to the improvement of retention rates. The correlation between workplace culture and organization commitment has been very

Failures of Cross Border Mega Mergers Research Paper

Failures of Cross Border Mega Mergers - Research Paper Example According to Ghemawat and Ghadar (2000), global mergers are made for a completely misguided and wrong reason. I support the arguments that the two authors advanced in their article,’ dubious logic of global mega-mergers. Nothing more explains the wrong reasoning behind the mergers except the levels of their failures. There much that should, therefore, guide international businesses while considering an international merger. This paper provides illustrations to support my position on this matter. Failures in cross border mega-mergers Ghemawat and Ghadar (2000) argues that the wisdom of the ‘winner takes it all’ in globalization and mega-mergers is misplaced and has no empirical evidence to support it. The craze for globalization has had no significant impact on the financial strengths and growth of a given company. To them, there is a need for executives to stop pursuing the biases that have led them to make mega-mergers and cross border deals. Globalizations have different facets, which are more economically viable as opposed to needless expansion. Cross border mergers are viewed by investment analysts as a way of making entries into a foreign market, and several reasons explain the high number of cross border mega-mergers around the globe. However, the high number of failures and low business experienced after international mergers strengthen the stand taken by Ghemawat and Ghadar (2000). The significant number of cross border mega failure has resulted in increased studies to ascertain whether the craze for acquisition and mergers is outplaced. Ghemawat and Ghadar (2000) are of the view that the increased number of crossed border mergers and acquisitions are a waste of resources and time to the companies as they are bound to fail. The process of expansion into new borders and foreign lands has a number of economic factors that need to be put into consideration. These include the foreign currency of operation, the socio-cultural and politica l set up of the nation and the political stability; therefore, any organization must factor in all these factors before making a step towards acquisition and mergers in foreign states (Sudekum, 2009). In cross border mergers, companies that have their headquarters and operation bases in different countries and regions come together and merge their operations, this results into the merger of different political and social settings that affect the operations of a business. Political, social and economic differences between countries make globalization and cross border mergers a tough undertaking. Differences in the fiscal policies also present a number of challenges to companies operating in foreign settings. The harmonization of fiscal policies even in the European Union has not created a business environment that is economically and politically homogenous. International labor laws in organizations also differ significantly. This present challenges to companies operating in new econo mic and political setups (Hughes, 2012). In the process of finalizing cross border mergers, companies tend to overlook essential factors and this has created failures in a number of mega-mergers.